a. grew
out of the atheistic views he held as a young student radical
b.
was suggested to him by experience as an animal breeder
c. was
a synthesis of his own ideas as well as those of Mendel
d. was
stolen from him by A. R. Wallace
e. came
to him during a bout of malaria
a.
convergent evolution operating on a variety of dissimilar species to adapt them
to similar niches
b. the effects that population growth and natural
selection have on geographically isolated populations
c. the
effects of continuous gene flow between the islands and the mainland over many
thousands of years
d.
provide a good example of the artificial selection that is common in equatorial
areas.
e. all have similar sized beaks because of their shared
common ancestry.
b. believed that the types of plants and animals on earth
were a product of God's divine wisdom and did not change
c.
believed that if given enough time one species could gradually evolve into
another species.
d.
insisted that only biological traits be used in the classification of human
a.
refers to Darwin's idea that all lifeforms evolved from simple to complex
through the process of natural selection
b. refers to the idea that God arranged all living things
into a hierarchy of unrelated organisms
c. refers
to the genealogical link described in the Bible between Adam and his
descendants.
d. is
consistent with modern views of organic evolution
e. a
and d above
a. the
geometric growth of population inevitably outpaces the food supply
b. the
only way to stop people from having so many children is to institute social
security programs so that they will be confident that they will be taken care
of in old age
c.
famine, disease, warfare served to maintain a balance between population and
resources
d.
"Preventive" checks such postponing marriage, birth control, and so
on are more effective than “negative” in maintaining a balance between
population and resources
a.
refers to the view held by creationists that animal have not changed since the
time of creation
b. refers to the idea that the geological processes
operating at present are the same as those that have operated in the past
c. is
the principle used by 18th and 19th century geologists to expand the age of the
earth far beyond that suggested by a literal interpretation of the Bible
d.
refers to the view held by Neptunian geologists that extinct animals were the
victims of biblical floods
e. a
and c above
a.
crossing fruit flies to study patterns of bristle variation
b.
crossing begonias to study the phenomenon of co-dominance
c.
chopping off rats' tails to study taillessness in there offspring
d.
breeding true breeding strains.
e. b
and d. above
a.
Darwin
b.
Malthus
c.
Lamarck
d.
Hutton
a. may not be favored by natural selection
b. is used by males as a shield during fights
over females
c. may provide peahens with an index of the
health status prospective mates
d. is most likely a result of the founder effect
instead of natural selection
e. a and c above
a.
can result in a loss of alleles from a population
b.
occurs when a catastrophic event reduces the size of a population to a few
individuals
c. may
explain the distinctive head form of the Armenians
d. is a
kind of natural selection
e. c
and d above
a. the
founder effect
b.
natural selection
c.
genealogical malfunctions
d.
inbreeding
e. a
and d above
a.
refers to a change in gene frequency produced by artificial selection
c. refers to variation in gene frequencies of small
populations due to accidents in sampling
d. is a
kind of balanced polymorphism
e. is
the concept that Neptunian geologists used in an attempt to debunk Lamarck
a. are
a religious isolate founded by a small number of families
b.
encourage marriage with outsiders so they can spread the word of God
c. Have
ABO allele frequencies that differ from West Germans in the area they came from
and Americans in the area where they know live.
d.
provide one of the best documented examples of the “Mason Jar” effect
a. is common in people whose ancestors came from
areas where malaria was a significant health problem because of the bottleneck
effect
b. is an example of hybrid vigor
c. results in an increase in the fitness of
people who are heterozygous for the trait
d. results in resistance to malaria among people
homozygous for the trait
a. could not possibly occur in a highly
technological society such as our own
b. is more rapid than cultural adaptation
c. has a rate that depends on the length of a
reproductive generation
e. a and b above
a. has only become possible with the advent of
gene splicing and embryo transplants
b. usually occurs in tribes that practice
exogamy
c. often results form climatic fluctuations
d. is practiced by livestock breeders
e. explains the long canines of male baboons
a. through the migration of "gemmules"
from various parts of the body to the reproductive organs
b. through the blending of bloods
c. through the transmission of acquired traits
to offspring
d. through the division of sex chromosomes
e. through a material called phlogiston
a. is best measured in terms of physical
strength
b. varies with environmental conditions
c. is best measured in terms of reproductive
success
d. is a meaningless concept since the idea of
“fitness” is an ethnocentric, value laden, symbolic tool developed by elites
for exploitation of poor people
e. b and c above
a. results in a change in the average value of a
trait
b. may explain differences in the average number
of eggs laid by different bird species
c. probably accounts for the evolution of new a
strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria
d. probably explains the evolutionary trends
toward loss of toes
e. c and d above
a. are
more common than mutations that decrease fitness
b. are
common in radiation victims
c. are
just as common as ones that decrease fitness in populations with random mating
d.
occur in a ratio predicted by the equation p2+2pq+q2
e.
are more common during periods of environmental instability