![]() |
Gary Seaman
84320
PH01
(A mouseclick on "PH" numbers calls up a photograph that Chagnon took at the current
moment. A click on the photographs enlarges them.)
85360 Again,
Mohesiwä
attacks with his bow stave.
Uuwä
gives ground, dodging the thrusts.
Borowama, mother of
Nakahedami,
Törawä
and
Mohesiwä, leaves her section of the village and walks into the plaza. She brings a himo
club, a short, heavy palmwood club specifically made for fighting.
86040 A
woman
standing in the village entrance carries a baby. She sees the conflict and rapidly
walks toward it.
86880
PH02
87160 FR497120
89720
Nakahedami
reaches her brother
Mohesiwä
and hands him the himo club to use against
Uuwä.
89520
PH03
90520 Recognizing that his brother
Mohesiwä
has been hurt,
Törawä
rushes out with his nabrushi
club raised against
Uuwä. [Nabrushi clubs are made as needed, from roof support poles cut to a length suitable
for fighting.] Uuwä's brothers-in-law,
Yoinakuwä
(Sinabimi
's husband) and
Keböwä, also arrive with clubs.
90560
FR504593
91920 The number of people involved in the confrontation grows.
Kaaböwä,
Mohesiwä's brother-in-law, brings a club.
Törawä
steps in between
Uuwä
and
Keböwä.
91640
PH04
93160
Mohesiwä
abandons his bow stave and takes the himo club brought by
Nakahedami.
93880 A
woman, possibly
Mohesiwä's wife Huuhuumi
,
takes a child by the hand and begins to walk toward the fight. A baby is slung on
her back. She meets another woman carrindexng a baby. Both turn away from the conflict.
96640
Mohesiwä,
Törawä
and
Uuwä
square off, glaring at each other.
96880
PH05
97440
Mohesiwä
braces his club on the ground and assumes the formal stance used by Yanomamö in club
fights. He apparently challenges
Uuwä
to hit him.
Nakahedami
circles behind him.
98640
Mohesiwä's mother,
Borowama, approaches, retrieves her son's bow stave from the ground, and reprimands
Uuwä.
101440
Mohesiwä
stretches out his injured arm and
Borowama
comforts him by stroking it.
Nakahedami
stamps her feet and shouts insults at
Uuwä
while she goads her brother
Törawä.
102920 Other women and children gather as
Borowama
and
Nakahedami
scold
Uuwä. One woman walks behind him, carrindexng her baby and a club.
FR533120
103000
PH06
107600
Borowama
strokes
Mohesiwä'
s injured arm while they confront Uuwä.
112680
Moramanama
and other women move in closer. Moramanama is the widow of
Uuwä's two paternal uncles and is therefore Uuwä's classificatory mother.
114800
Husiheami,
Borowama's co-wife, supports
Mohesiwä
by standing between him and
Nakahedami. She glares at a
woman
from
Uuwä's side who points an accusing finger at Husiheami and Nakahedami as she charges toward
them.
117040
PH07
121629
Mohesiwä
leans on his club. With formal gestures, he denounces
Uuwä
and justifies beating Sinabimi.
123160 Though
Kaaböwä
is a brother of
Mohesiwä's wife, he stands beside
Uuwä, faced off against
Törawä. [Kaaböwä's alignment is notable because affines are usually strong allies.]
125400
Husiheami,
Borowama
and
Nakahedami
continue to shout at the women near
Moramanama.
Dirimawä, a son of the famous shaman, Dedeheiwä, walks across the plaza and takes a position at the edge of the crowd.
131280 Zoom out to numerous people attracted by the conflict. One
man
shoulders an ax.
137840
PH08
140400 Zoom in to
Törawä,
Yoinakuwä
and
Kaaböwä
who brandish clubs. The original antagonists,
Uuwä
and
Mohesiwä, rest their weapons.
146400
Räaiyowä
waves at his aunt,
Kaösarama, and then runs off toward his house.
146840 The injured
Mohesiwä
turns from the confrontation and heads back to his hammock, leaving
Törawä
to keep
Uuwä
at bay.
Kaösarama,
the wife of Mohesiwä's uncle, Daramasiwä, walks in the same direction.
*11 Nakahedami
continues to berate Uuwä's group as she and
Borowama
return home.
147240
Möawä, a resident and headman of the village, passes close to the camera, wearing body
paint and feathers. <REF30960
Although Möawä is the most violent man in the village and a classificatory brother
of
Uuwä, he refrains from intervening in the incident.
148720 Across the plaza from Möawä
is
Nanokawä,
Borowama's brother, wearing a feather armband. Nanokawä is a leader of the visiting Ironasi-teri
(including
Mohesiwä
) and is a rival of Möawä. He shakes his finger at the retreating Mohesiwä, apparently
reprimanding him. [Chagnon reports that Nanokawä stood off-camera behind Mohesiwä
during the fight, in a gesture of support.]
153160 When
Mohesiwä
has almost reached his house,
Uuwä
turns his back on
Törawä
and walks off. Törawä then spits, turns, and swaggers off as well.
154880 Camera pans with
Törawä.
Kaaböwä
departs with his club over his shoulder.
155960
Törawä
marches away, arms out and shoulders hunched forward.
Nakahedami
and
Borowama
continue to shout insults at Uuwä
's
supporters.
162040 Zoom out. The crowd thins.
Roenama,
Kumishiwä
's wife, and other female
supporters
of Uuwä, walk toward the camera.
162880
Shimoneiwä, a son of Dedeheiwä, and
Shiririwä, a son of Ishiweiwä
(Dedeheiwä's older brother), walk from the plaza holding hands.
170320 During the lull, Yoinakuwä
and
Keböwä, his younger brother, have prepared to attack Mohesiwä
's house. Yoinakuwä's wife Sinabimi
was beaten by Mohesiwä. <REF50600
But Keböwä, her husband's brother, charges out first, wielding his ax.
171200 A
woman
stops in her tracks when
Keböwä
charges past. She turns and follows him.
173640
Yoinakuwä
runs from of his house with a machete, following his brother
Keböwä.
REF204880>
177320
Keböwä
sprints across the plaza, passing behind
Dirimawä
who appears not to notice him.
178520 Seeing
Keböwä's approach,
Borowama
grabs a bow stave and hands it to
Mohesiwä, who has been resting. A
woman, probably Mohesiwä's wife Huuhuumi, sits in a hammock beside him, nursing a baby. The woman begins to shout and tucks
her nursling under one arm.
180120
Keböwä
attacks the
woman, probably Huuhuumi.
Mohesiwä
fends off Keböwä with his bow stave and the woman escapes to the rear. Another woman
breaks into a run across the plaza as
Yoinakuwä
aggressively approaches Mohesiwä's group with his machete. [For a still-frame sequence
of Keböwä's attack, see:
FR180120
]
182440
Mohesiwä
and
Keböwä
struggle over the ax.
Borowama
and
Husiheami,
Mohesiwä's wife, back off when
Yoinakuwä
arrives and threatens them.
184000
Yoinakuwä
sneaks behind
Mohesiwä
to outflank him.
Ruwamowä
walks casually past, paindexng little attention to the violence.
186000 Camera pans with
Törawä
as he runs past the struggle between
Mohesiwä
and
Keböwä. He joins a
woman, who then sprints on ahead of him. Törawä stops and turns to look at Mohesiwä.
Holding his right arm out toward the woman who is fetching him a weapon, he then
runs back to the fight.
192000
Iyaböwä, carrindexng an ax, strides toward the conflict but steps on something that delays his
progress.
194360
Törawä
raises his machete to threaten
Keböwä. Keböwä finally wrests his ax from
Mohesiwä.
Husiheami
faces
Yoinakuwä
on one side of the confrontation, while
Nakahedami
stamps her feet and shouts on the other side. <REF101440
The men separate in a standoff. <REF96640
196080
Keböwä
feigns disengagement, then suddenly seizes
Mohesiwä
by the arm and strikes him repeatedly on the leg with the blunt end of his ax.
198280
Keböwä
continues to strike
Mohesiwä, undeterred by the fact that
Törawä
threatens him with a raised machete.
Yoinakuwä
watches
Törawä.
A
woman, possibly Yaukuima, the sister of Keböwä and Yoinakuwä, runs across the plaza with a himo
club over her shoulder.
199880
PH09
201520 Unable to intimidate the ax-wielding
Keböwä,
Törawä
exchanges his machete for
Iyaböwä's ax. <REF192000
PH10
202040
PH11
203160
Törawä
attacks
Keböwä
who is struggling with
Mohesiwä
for control of the ax. Törawämisses his first swing but then delivers a series of blows, with the blunt end of
his ax, to Keböwä's lower back and legs. Keböwä retreats inside the shabono but
quickly squares off again with his antagonists. <REF96640
204200
FR655372
204880
Nanokawä, leader of the visiting group, strides aggressively but unarmed into the throng.
Iyaböwä
and
Yoinakuwä
hang back from the action with their machetes. A
woman, possibly Yaukuima, arrives with a himo
club which she offers to Yoinakuwä in exchange for his machete. <REF89720 Moramanama
sprints toward the fight, passing a woman who runs away with a baby.
206360
PH12
206600
Keböwä
again struggles with
Mohesiwä
for control of his ax.
Törawä
maneuvers to strike Keböwä. As a number of armed men sprint to the action,
Nanokawä
strides off to obtain a club.
207400
Törawä
escalates the conflict by preparing to strike with the sharp edge of his ax. Before
he can strike, however, an unidentified man in the crowd prevents him from using
the blade.
REF256480>
As Törawä gathers for the blow, he is spun around, shoved down, and pushed bodily
away. Törawä crashes into
Yoinakuwä
and their momentum carries them to where
Nakahedami
stands on the sidelines.
208320
PH13
209120
Yoroshianawä
steps into view at the location where
Törawä
was prevented from striking with his ax.
209240
Törawä
recovers his balance. He takes a few steps backward. His sister
Nakahedami
and another woman stamp their feet and shout. Törawä raises his ax, dull side forward,
and prepares again to enter the fray.
209760
PH14
211240
Törawä
moves toward
Mohesiwä
and
Keböwä, who struggle over possession of the ax. He is blocked again, this time by
Yoroshianawä, his classificatory father. [Yoroshianawä's action is notable in view of the expectation
that classificatory fathers support their 'sons' in a fight.]
212240 For a second time
Törawä
escalates the fight by turning the sharp edge of his ax upward, preparing to strike
Keböwä. <REF207400 Yoroshianawä
watches closely.
212680
FR675160
212760 Again,
Yoroshianawä
prevents
Törawä
from attacking
Keböwä.
<REF211240
Yoroshianawä shoves his nephew, who staggers back a step. Keböwä's sister,
Yaukuima, watches from behind
.
214180
PH15
214280
Yaukuima, Keböwä'
s sister, seizes the handle of
Törawä's ax as he staggers back. She twists the sharp edge away from
Keböwä and
pulls Törawä off balance.
FR679574
216040
Yaukuima
drags
Törawä
out of the fight toward the village entrance.
Keböwä
sees that Törawä's back is turned and charges the young man from behind.
216480
Yoroshianawä, unaware of
Keböwä's attack, strides away from
Törawä.
Visible over the heads of the crowd, Keböwä launches a powerful overhead blow with
his ax, the dull end forward. The rest of the action is not visible. [Chagnon,
who was near Törawä, says that the ax hit him squarely between the shoulder blades.]
FR685867
216640
PH16
217000 [In 1975 Chagnon wrote narration for the current moment: "Törawä
instantly collapses to the ground and lies there motionless." According to Asch,
the sound of the blow was inaudible on the original tape recording It was simulated
in a Massachusetts film lab. A watermelon was hit with an ax.] Fast swishpan and
zoom out to wide angle, perhaps motivated by the fact that the cameraman was upset by
the violence.
219760
Chagnon
appears at the periphery of the fight, taking a picture with a 35mm camera. A
man
with an ax strides from Wadoshewä's section of the shabono toward the conflict.
Räaiyowä, Sinabimi
's 10-year old son, turns and runs at top speed toward his house.
PH17
220960 Törawä
cannot be seen on camera. [Chagnon's 1975 narration for the current moment: "The
situation is now very tense, for it is not clear if the young man has been killed
or is merely unconscious."]
PH18 REF429200>
[For the point in the film where Chagnon gives this narration, play the film at:
REF695480> ]
224600
Törawä
lunges to his feet and starts back toward his assailant
.
Räaiyowä
continues his dash across the plaza. Zoom in.
226360
Nanokawä, previously unarmed, arrives with a short, heavy club. He wades into the throng,
pushing
Mohesiwä
backward.
PH19
<REF206600
226760 FR704120
227000
Nakahedami,
visible through a break in the crowd, flails at a woman, probably Yaukuima.
229760
Dirimawä
shortens a roof pole with his machete, turning it into a nabrushi club. <REF90520
Räaiyowä,
now armed, races back across the plaza toward the conflict. <REF219760
230440
Nakahedami, Törawä's sister, threatens
Yaukuima, Keböwä'
s sister
,
by wielding a piece of firewood. At this moment, Yaukuima is probably called by
Keböwä, for she suddenly abandons her fight and dashes to him. She lifts the ax
from his hand and runs off with it.
230960
Keböwä
takes up a himo
club and swings as
Törawä
charges him.
231200
Törawä
raises his ax high, attempting for a third time to strike
Keböwä
with the sharp edge.
<REF212240
Törawä rushes at Keböwä, but someone catches the ax and slows Törawä's momentum.
<REF214280
232080 As
Törawä's movement is slowed,
Nanokawä
steps in between him and
Keböwä.
232120
Törawä's father,
Wadoshewä, tussles briefly with a
bystander, probably Maiyahariwä, and pushes him back.
Nanokawä
moves forward, beside Törawä, waving his club in the direction of
Keböwä.
Mohesiwä
advances.
232360
Keböwä
slashes again with his himo
club, probably at
Törawä. One cannot tell from the image whether the blow lands. Mohesiwä strikes at Keböwä
with his club.
232800
Törawä
gives up his attack. [He was weakened by Keböwä
's earlier blow and now is perhaps further weakened from a second blow with the himo
club.] <REF216480
233400 Zoom in.
Wadoshewä
passes
Mohesiwä
and moves off to the right. There, a
man
wearing a red loin cloth, probably Kaaböwä, strikes a terrific overhead blow with a long club at someone in the throng. <REF216480
233720 PH20
234560
Törawä
turns, lowers his ax, and retreats from the surge of the crowd.
Mohesiwä
again rushes
Keböwä.
235400
Wadoshewä
shakes his finger at the
man, probably Kaaböwä, who has just struck a blow at someone in the crowd.
PH21
235480
Yakahaiwä, co-husband of Hurumöwä, charges out of the crowd to drive away a woman on the fringes.
FR720387 REF257440>
235800
Törawä
backs out of the fight, makes a half turn, and lets his ax drop.
236280 Fighting surges to the right as more men take up weapons.
PH22
236560
Räaiyowä
and a young
girl
watch the fight from the middle of the plaza. The boy moves toward the action with
his club held at the ready, then plants the butt on the ground in imitation of a
club fighter's stance. <REF90520
240840 A
man
carrindexng a club over his shoulder passes
Räaiyowä
on the way to join the crowd. The boy shoulders his club and marches in the man's
footsteps toward the confrontation. <REF155960
240577
PH23
244880
Räaiyowä
marches toward the fight. Just above his head in the current frame of film,
Törawä
can be seen collapsing. A
woman, probably Törawä's wife Bireima, kneels behind him as he falls to the ground. [A still-frame sequence provides greater
clarity:
FR244880 ]
245240 A
woman
passes her infant to a child. Cut. [The camera is off for a few minutes while it
is moved to its second location, closer to Mohesiwä
's section of the shabono.
*11]
247560 Photographs taken while the 16mm camera position is being moved:
PH24
PH25
PH25a
PH26
249080 Medium shot.
Mohesiwä
and
Wadoshewä, newly armed with a club, stand behind
Kuaiwä, Nakahedami
's husband.
250720
PH27
251063 Pan to Sinabimi
's son-in-law,
Maiyahariwä.
Daramasiwä, Mohesiwä
's paternal uncle, stands opposite, with his eyes almost closed, his club stuck upright
in the ground, and his back to Mohesiwä
's opponents.
252320 Behind
Wadoshewä,
Yaukuima
brandishes a piece of firewood and yells at Nakahedami. Zoom out.
255960
Nanokawä
stands behind
Daramasiwä.
Mohesiwä
leans on his club behind
Kuaiwä,
Nakahedami
's husband.
256480
Nakahedami
prepares to strike
Yaukuima
with the sharp edge of her ax, but before she swings she turns the blunt end forward.
<REF214280 Nanokawä
sees this threat and moves toward the women.
257440 Zoom out to wide angle.
Törawä
sits almost collapsed on the ground and is stroked by his wife,
Bireima.
Mohesiwä
leans heavily on his club while his uncle
Hurumöwä
lifts his own club and takes a few stutter-steps forward. Cut.
259480 Photographs taken while the 16mm camera is off:
PH28
PH29 PH30
PH31
260080 Medium shot. [Filming has resumed after a short pause.]
Bireima
continues to stroke
Törawä.
Nanokawä
threatens someone off-camera with his club.
260600
Hurumöwä
and
Daramasiwä
stand conspicuously between their young nephew and his adversaries. Zoom in to
Törawä
on the ground.
265200 Zoom out.
Borowama
joins
Bireima
in ministering to
Törawä.
264920
PH32
268160
Barahiwä, brother of Wadoshewä
and Daramasiwä, begins an animated harangue of his nephew,
Mohesiwä. <REF121629 <REF211240
272280
Wadoshewä
waves his hand dismissively in the direction of
Mohesiwä.
Daramasiwä
relaxes his threatening pose and also remonstrates in the same direction.
274520 A
woman
carrindexng a long firewood club begins an exchange of insults with
Barahiwä,
who is shouting at
Mohesiwä.
276400
Mohesiwä
leans on his club, unresponsive to the verbal attacks of
Barahiwä. A
woman
stands behind Mohesiwä and shouts vigorously at his uncle.
279440
Maiyahariwä
departs as
Wadoshewä
walks off-camera. At the rear of the shabono,
Nakahedami
struggles with
Yaukuima. <REF256480
Cut.
280320 Long shot. [Filming has resumed after a short pause.]
Mohesiwä
leans on his club and stares fixedly at the ground.
Bireima
strokes
Törawä
while
Hurumöwä
stands over them protectively. Behind Mohesiwä,
Nakahedami
shouts in the direction of her adversary, Yaukuima.
Barahiwä
makes one final emphatic gesture and departs.
282400 Photograph taken while the 16mm camera is off:
PH33
287040
Wadoshewä's younger wife,
Husiheami, strokes
Törawä
as
Borowama
tries to help him to his feet.
287640
Wadoshewä
returns and tersely addresses his son
Törawä.
Nakahedami, still holding an ax, continues to shout insults in the direction of Yaukuima.
289075
PH34
289280 As
Törawä
begins to stand,
Mohesiwä
turns and walks rapidly back toward his house.
Wadoshewä
makes one more comment to his son and walks away.
292600
PH35
294920 PH36
297360
Törawä
finally gets to his feet and strides off in an unconvincing display of nonchalance.
He is followed by his wife,
Bireima.
299440 Törawä
leaves. Fast zoom out and pan to a young
man, near the camera. He laughs and feints with his machete at the soundman, Craig
Johnson. Cut.
307320 Wide shot.
Chagnon
walks off screen and a young
man
drags the tip of his bow across the ground, making a line in the sand. [On seeing
the footage, Chagnon protested the inclusion of this image because it erroneously
implies drawing a threatening boundary.] The camera pans with the boy's movement
during a discussion, voice over, between Johnson and Asch.
312080 Asch: "Notice how completely out of their social relationships [we are] that
they can kid us about it."
314350 Johnson: "[Unintelligible] ... Some guy came up with a machete and ..."
315440 Asch: "Yeah, but he was joking!"
316100 Johnson: "I know, but I didn't know that!"
316920 Asch: "But they were all ... they were all joking! We're really ... we're
really out of it!" Cut.
318800 Wide angle of the
youth
dragging his bow.
319400 Chagnon voice-over: "Poor son of a bitch!"
320600 Asch: "What?"
321440 Chagnon: "He had his back turned and a guy walked up to him with an ax and
just let him have it right in the back." <REF216480
Cut.
324240 Long shot.
Räaiyowä
stands in front of Yoinakuwä
's house. He holds his distinctive club. Zoom in to
Dimöma
who has apparently remained crying in her hammock since the first moments of the
film. <REF57869
Slow zoom out.
331520 Under the overhanging roof of the shabono, two women part company from a
third.
334670
The third woman
stares pensively, then shouts. Subtitle translation: "Why the hell did your shiftless
son insult us that way? He said we had blemishes! We don't take that kind of talk
from a bunch of visiting bastards like you!" [See description at: <REF14458
]
Zoom in and cut.
352600 Soft focus close-up, then slow zoom out from
Dimöma
in her hammock.
Wailing is heard. Cut.
366800 Medium long shot.
Waböama
holds her baby and shouts insults, apparently at Törawä
's mother and father. Subtitle: "It's your goddam son that has all the filthy blemishes
on his ugly face! [Zoom out.] He's an ass of the first order! His ugly skin is
so blemished that he looks more like a pimple than a person!"
380880
Waböama
shouts. Subtitle: "And it's clear to us why all your children are so foul and ugly!
We know! We know!" Two young men smile at the camera.
Yoaiyoböwä,
waves. Zoom in.
393760
Waböama
insults someone across the plaza, apparently Borowama, whom she calls a "woman of the Waikas," neighboring Yanomamö who are regarded as
inferior to one's own group. Subtitle: "It's their ugly mothers that made them
that way! You're all descended from pus and pimples! You all come from the Village
of Pimples!"
406240
Waböama
turns away, glancing back petulantly as she walks to her hammock. She sits down.
Pan and cut.
413600 Black screen. [The 16mm film is exhausted, but a recorded conversation between
Johnson, Asch and Chagnon begins, voice over.]
414040 Johnson: "Sound Reel 14, February 28, 1971: finished [sic]
of wife-beating sequence ..."
417920 Asch: "Did you get sync on that?"
418400 Chagnon: "Wife-beating sequence my foot!"
419400 Johnson: "Okay. What is it?"
420260 Chagnon: "It was a club fight." <REF83120
421000 Johnson: "What was first?"
422057 Chagnon: "Well, two women were in the garden and one of them was seduced
by her 'son.' It was an incestuous relationship and the others found out about it
and that's what started the fight." <REF50600
427120 Asch: "No kidding!"
428000 Johnson: "About 3:30 in the afternoon."
429200 Chagnon: "No, about 3:00 it started. One guy was hit on the back from behind
with an ax and just about knocked unconscious with the blow." <REF216480
<REF244880
434053
Asch: "So this is just the beginning of lots more."
435790 Chagnon: "Well, when you get a village this big things like this are bound
to happen."
437480 Asch: "Did you figure out how many there were in the village?"
438856 Chagnon: "No. I haven't counted yet. There're over two hundred though."
<REF16000 *11
440315 Möawä, headman of the village, asks in the Yanomamö language for Chagnon to give him some
soap.
444600 Chagnon: "That's about the tenth person today that's asked me for my soap!"
446400 Asch: "Tell him I'll give him my soap ..."
447100 Chagnon: "No, you won't give him your soap!"
447600 Asch: "... well, when I ... when I go home."
448800 Johnson [laughs]: "God!"
448900
Chagnon: "They're going to make damn sure we're gonna leave in a hurry [Johnson laughs]
if we keep promising them everything when we go home." <REF299440
452240 Asch: "Shoriwä
[brother-in-law], living in your village is ... tiresome."
454200 Chagnon: "Thought I was shitting you about 'the fierce people,' huh?" <REF244880
455300 For a description of the remainder of the film, click here:
'Narration'